Issue
Number 555
October 3, 2005
CONTENTS OF THIS ISSUE
- CDC issues official Health Advisory about Menactra
meningococcal vaccine and Guillain Barre Syndrome
- New: October 2005 issue of Needle Tips offers many
resources for childhood, adolescent, and adult immunization
- New: Influenza Vaccine Bulletin #3 available for the
2005-06 influenza season
- New: NIP makes its Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit
available in web-based and CD-ROM formats
- Locate influenza clinics with ALA's online Flu Clinic
Locator or your 2-1-1 information-and-referral call center
- NIAID and MedImmune to collaborate in developing
vaccines against potential pandemic influenza viruses
- New: ECBT launches a vaccine safety web section
- VIS translations: Interim influenza vaccine VISs now
available in Haitian Creole, Portuguese, and Turkish
- Reminder: Two-day course "Epidemiology & Prevention of
VPDs" to be held at two California sites in November
- CDC reports on WHO's laboratory surveillance for wild
and vaccine-derived polioviruses during 2004-05
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ABBREVIATIONS: AAFP, American Academy of Family Physicians; AAP, American
Academy of Pediatrics; ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices;
CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; FDA, Food and Drug
Administration; IAC, Immunization Action Coalition; MMWR, Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report; NIP, National Immunization Program; VIS, Vaccine
Information Statement; VPD, vaccine-preventable disease; WHO, World Health
Organization.
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October 3, 2005
CDC ISSUES OFFICIAL HEALTH ADVISORY ABOUT MENACTRA MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE AND
GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME
On September 30, CDC issued an official Health Advisory for the public and
healthcare providers about Menactra meningococcal vaccine and Guillain Barre
Syndrome. The Health Advisory is reprinted below in its entirety.
*******************
This is an official CDC Health Advisory
Distributed via Health Alert Network
Friday, September 30, 2005, 19:00 EDT (7:00PM EDT)
FDA AND CDC ISSUE ALERT ON MENACTRA MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINE AND GUILLAIN BARRE
SYNDROME
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) are alerting consumers and healthcare providers to five
reports of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) following administration of
Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine A, C, Y, and W135 (trade name Menactra),
manufactured by sanofi pasteur. It is not known yet whether these cases were
caused by the vaccine or are coincidental. FDA and CDC are sharing this
information with the public now and actively investigating the situation
because of its potentially serious nature.
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a serious neurological disorder that can
occur, often in healthy individuals, either spontaneously or after certain
infections. GBS typically causes increasing weakness in the legs and arms
that can be severe and require hospitalization.
Meningococcal infection, which Menactra prevents, is a major cause of
bacterial meningitis, affecting approximately 1 in 100,000 people annually.
The infection can be life threatening:
10-14 percent of cases are fatal and 11-19 percent of survivors may have
permanent disability.
According to Jesse Goodman, MD, director of FDA's Center for Biologics
Evaluation and Research, at the present time there are no changes in
recommendations for vaccination; individuals should continue to follow their
doctors' recommendations. FDA and CDC are not able to determine if any or
all of the cases were due to vaccination. The current information is very
preliminary and the two agencies are continuing to evaluate the situation.
Because of the potentially serious nature of this matter, FDA and CDC are
asking any persons with knowledge of any possible cases of GBS occurring
after Menactra to report them to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
(VAERS) to help the agencies further evaluate the matter. Individuals can
report to VAERS on the web at
www.vaers.hhs.gov or by phone at (800) 822-7967.
The five cases of GBS reported following administration of Menactra occurred
in individuals living in NY, OH, PA, and NJ. All five patients were 17 or 18
years of age and developed weakness or abnormal sensations in the arms or
legs, two-four weeks after vaccination. All individuals are reported to be
recovering or to have recovered. More than 2.5 million doses of Menactra
vaccine have been distributed to date. The rate of GBS based on the number
of cases reported following administration of Menactra is similar to what
might have been expected to occur by coincidence, that is, even without
vaccination. However, the timing of the events is of concern. Also, vaccine
adverse events are not always reported to FDA so there may be additional
cases of which we are unaware at this time.
Prelicensure studies conducted by sanofi pasteur of more than 7000
recipients of Menactra showed no GBS cases. CDC conducted a rapid study
using available healthcare organization databases and found that no cases of
GBS have been reported to date among 110,000 Menactra recipients.
*******************
To access the Health Alert from the archives of the Health Alert Network, go
to:
http://www.phppo.cdc.gov/HAN/ArchiveSys/ViewMsgV.asp?AlertNum=00237
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October 3, 2005
NEW: OCTOBER 2005 ISSUE OF NEEDLE TIPS OFFERS MANY RESOURCES FOR CHILDHOOD,
ADOLESCENT, AND ADULT IMMUNIZATION
IAC recently mailed the latest issue of Needle Tips (October 2005) to
130,000 health professionals and others who work in the field of
immunization. Packed with immunization resources for health professionals,
patients, and parents, the 24-page issue is well worth downloading. All
articles and education pieces, except editorials, have been thoroughly
reviewed by immunization and hepatitis experts at CDC.
HOW TO READ NEEDLE TIPS ON THE WEB
You can view selected articles from the table of contents below or download
the entire issue from the Web.
To view the table of contents with links to individual articles, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nt
The PDF file of the entire issue, linked below, is 1 megabyte. For tips on
downloading and printing PDF files, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/tips.htm
To download a ready-to-print (PDF) version of the October issue, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n33/n33.pdf
The articles in the October issue fall into five broad areas: (1) general
immunization, (2) influenza vaccination, (3) viral hepatitis, (4) childhood
and adolescent immunization, and (5) adult immunization.
GENERAL IMMUNIZATION (three resources)
(1) In "Ask the Experts," CDC specialists answer questions about vaccines
and their recommended use.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n33/expert33.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n33/expert33.htm
(2) "Vaccine Highlights" presents information on four newly licensed
vaccines, updated influenza recommendations, and the 2004 vaccination rates
for 19-35 month olds.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n33/vaccin33.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n33/vaccin33.htm
(3) Newly adapted from the Michigan Department of Community Health,
"Healthcare Worker Vaccination Recommendations" offers a succinct overview
of seven vaccines all or some healthcare workers should receive.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2017.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2017.htm
INFLUENZA VACCINATION (four resources)
(1) Developed in response to many requests, "Standing Orders for
Administering Influenza Vaccines to Children & Adolescents" presents a model
protocol for administering the injectable and nasal-spray influenza vaccines
to children and adolescents without a physician's direct order.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p3074a.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p3074a.htm
(2) Updated in August, "Standing Orders for Administering Influenza Vaccines
to Adults" now includes information on the new influenza recommendations for
injectable and nasal-spray vaccines.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p3074.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p3074.htm
(3) Updated in July, "Screening Questionnaire for Intranasal Influenza
Vaccination" lets adult patients indicate if they or their child have
contraindications to the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV).
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4067.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4067.htm
(4) Updated in July, "Screening Questionnaire for Injectable Influenza
Vaccination" lets adult patients indicate if they or their child have
contraindications to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV).
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4066.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4066.htm
VIRAL HEPATITIS (two resources)
(1) Updated in September, the professional-education piece "Hepatitis B
Facts: Testing and Vaccination" now includes a section on managing chronic
hepatitis B infection and information about using results of serologic tests
to determine whom to vaccinate.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2110.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2110.htm
(2) Updated in September, the education piece "Hepatitis A, B, and C: Learn
the Differences" offers new hepatitis B treatment information.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4075abc.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4075abc.htm
CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT IMMUNIZATION (two resources)
(1) "Summary of Recommendations for Childhood and Adolescent Immunization"
now includes information on administering the newly licensed meningococcal
conjugate vaccine (MCV4).
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/rules1.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/nslt.d/n17/rules1.htm
(2) Updated in September, the parent-education piece "Reliable Sources of
Immunization Information: Where to go to Find Answers!" lists online,
telephone, print, and video immunization resources.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4012.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p4012.htm
ADULT IMMUNIZATION (two resources)
(1) Updated in September, "Summary of Recommendations for Adult
Immunization" now includes the updated influenza recommendations, as well as
information on newly licensed vaccines.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2011b.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/p2011b.htm
(2) The two-page patient-screening questionnaire "Do I Need Any Vaccinations
Today?" makes it easy for patients to check off indicators for eight adult
vaccinations.
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/4036need.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/catg.d/4036need.htm
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October 3, 2005
NEW: INFLUENZA VACCINE BULLETIN #3 AVAILABLE FOR THE 2005-06 INFLUENZA
SEASON
On September 29, NIP issued Influenza Vaccine Bulletin #3. IAC Express has
already covered much of the material presented in the bulletin. Following is
material we have not yet covered.
************************
INFLUENZA VACCINE SUPPLY AND PRODUCTION
PROJECTION OF THE 2005-06 INFLUENZA VACCINE SUPPLY:
None of the manufacturers have changed projections since publication of
Bulletin #2. Total production is estimated to range between 71 and 97
million doses. The lower estimate includes inactivated vaccine produced by
manufacturers sanofi pasteur, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline and live attenuated
vaccine produced by the manufacturer MedImmune. All 3 of these companies
have had lots released for distribution by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Approximately 10 million doses from sanofi pasteur,
Inc. are late-production doses. The upper estimate includes inactivated
vaccine projected to be available from Chiron. However, no lots of Chiron
vaccine have been released by FDA to date.
INFLUENZA VACCINE PACKAGE INSERTS:
For details about influenza vaccines being produced by the four
manufacturers licensed in the United States, consult their package inserts
at the following links:
FDA LISTS INFLUENZA VACCINE LOT RELEASES:
To see an up-to-date list of influenza vaccine lot releases by company go to
www.fda.gov/cber/flu/flulot091405.htm
INFLUENZA VACCINE DISTRIBUTION AND ADMINISTRATION
ORDERING INFLUENZA VACCINE:
- Providers may need to explore several
potential sources to find influenza vaccine. The Health Industry
Distributors Association (HIDA) offers a listing of many of the
distributors that are carrying influenza vaccine this year at
http://www.hida.org/document.asp?document_id=10082
COST OF INFLUENZA VACCINE:
The following table provides catalog prices of each of the influenza
vaccines licensed for use in the United States this season. The amounts a
purchaser pays may differ depending upon such variables as the quantities
purchased, contractual arrangements, and source of purchase.
Influenza Vaccine Catalog Prices, by Manufacturer, 2005-06**
Company/Presentation Price/dose
MedImmune
Returnable single-dose sprayer (<=20 doses) $25.25
Non-returnable single-dose sprayer (<50 doses) $20.70
Non-returnable single-dose sprayer (>=50 doses) $19.70
sanofi pasteur, Inc.
Multi-dose vial (ages >=6 months) $10.70
Single-dose vial, 0.5mL (ages 3+ years) Unavailable
Single-dose syringe, 0.5mL (ages 3+ years) $14.00
Single-dose syringe, 0.25mL (ages 6-35 months) $13.00
GlaxoSmithKline
Single-dose syringe, 0.5mL (ages >=18 years) $11.00
Chiron
Multi-dose vial (ages >=4 years) $11.00
Single-dose syringe (ages >=4 years) $13.65
**All prices were provided by the individual influenza vaccine
manufacturers. All prices include $.75 excise tax.
INFLUENZA VACCINE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL VACCINE INJURY COMPENSATION PROGRAM:
See more information on this recent development, including the Federal
Register notice and a Question and Answer compilation at
http://www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp To
cover the costs of inclusion in the program, a $.75 excise tax is levied on
each dose of influenza vaccine sold.
INFLUENZA VACCINE COMMUNICATIONS AND RESOURCES
MEDICARE INFORMATION:
For a variety of helpful information materials about Medicare topics such as
billing and payment rates, and a substantial amount of related educational
resources, check the following links:
(1)
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/preventiveservices/2.asp
(2)
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medlearn/refimmu.asp#edu
INFLUENZA VACCINE BULLETINS:
Refer to previous bulletins at
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/flubulletin.htm Individual requests
for subscriptions to the bulletin should be emailed to
listserv@listserv.cdc.gov
Type "subscribe flu-serve" in the body of the email.
************************
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version of Influenza Vaccine Bulletin #3 in
its entirety, go to:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/bulletin/pdf/2005-06/bulletin3_092905.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version of it, go to:
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/bulletin/2005-06/bulletin3_092905.htm
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October 3, 2005
NEW: NIP MAKES ITS VACCINE STORAGE AND HANDLING TOOLKIT AVAILABLE IN
WEB-BASED AND CD-ROM FORMATS
NIP recently announced that its professional-education resource Vaccine
Storage and Handling Toolkit is now available online and on CD. The
toolkit features 11 chapters of information, numerous online resources,
and two videos, How to Protect Your Vaccine Supply (updated in June
2005) and 10 Top Vaccine Storage and Handling Errors.
THE TOOLKIT ONLINE. To access the toolkit on the Web, go to:
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/isd/shtoolkit/splash.html
The toolkit requires Windows Media 9 Player, Macromedia Flash 7 Player,
and Acrobat Reader 6, all of which can be installed at no charge. For
installation information, go to:
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/isd/shtoolkit/helpinstall.html
THE TOOLKIT ON CD-ROM. To order a CD from NIP's online catalog, go to:
https://www2.cdc.gov/nchstp_od/PIWeb/niporderform.asp In the section
on publications for healthcare providers, look for item #99-8263. Orders
are limited to one CD-ROM; however, you can order a master CD for mass
duplication. PLEASE NOTE: NIP is no
longer distributing the videotape How to Protect Your Vaccine Supply as
a discrete product, separate from the toolkit. To order it separately,
contact IAC at admin@immunize.org
(email),
https://www.immunize.org/vachandling (online order form), (651)
647-9131 (fax), or (651) 647-9009 (phone).
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October 3, 2005
LOCATE INFLUENZA CLINICS WITH ALA'S ONLINE FLU CLINIC LOCATOR OR YOUR
2-1-1 INFORMATION-AND-REFERRAL CALL CENTER
[The following two articles are cross posted with thanks from the
bi-monthly newsletter of Every Child By Two, September 2005.]
*************************
FLU CLINIC LOCATOR FROM THE AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION
For the [third] year in a row, the American Lung Association (ALA) will
provide its Flu Clinic Locator online at
http://www.flucliniclocator.org
By typing in their 5-digit zip code, site visitors can receive a list of
clinics in their surrounding area offering the vaccine. An estimated
23,000 clinics will be posted on the site this year.
For more information about the ALA's Flu Clinic Locator, visit
http://lungusa2.org/embargo/flucliniclocator05
For more information about the American Lung Association, visit their
website at http://www.lungusa.org
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2-1-1: A NEW FLU VACCINATION FINDER CALL SERVICE
2-1-1 is an easy-to-remember telephone number that connects callers to
information about critical health and human services available in their
community. By dialing 2-1-1, information and referral (I&R) service
questions can be addressed. For example, 2-1-1 can be a shelter locator
after a natural disaster or an influenza vaccination clinic finder.
Connecticut, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Jersey,
Texas, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia have statewide 2-1-1 phone
service. When this system is connected nationwide it will allow "one
number for one nation."
Statewide flu leadership groups may talk to their local 2-1-1 call
center director or their local Community Information & Referral center
director about how to get 2-1-1 reports that showcase the call volume
related to this issue.
Please share this announcement with doctors' offices and flu vaccination
clinic coordinators in your area. Anyone with flu vaccine can register
details with a local 2-1-1 call center. 2-1-1 will then add that detail
to their database and take many calls from the community. . . .
*************************
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version of the September 2005
newsletter, go to:
http://www.ecbt.org/0905TextOnly.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version of it, go to:
http://www.ecbt.org/new0905.html
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October 3, 2005
NIAID AND MEDIMMUNE TO COLLABORATE IN DEVELOPING VACCINES AGAINST
POTENTIAL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES
On September 28, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
issued a press release outlining details of a planned collaboration
between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
to develop multiple vaccines against potential pandemic influenza
viruses. Portions of the press release are reprinted below.
************************
For immediate release
Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2005
NIAID AND MEDIMMUNE JOIN FORCES TO DEVELOP POTENTIAL PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
VACCINES
HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt today announced that the National Institute
of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and MedImmune Inc. have
signed a cooperative research and development agreement for the
development of vaccines against avian influenza viruses that have the
potential to cause pandemics. Under the agreement, NIAID, part of the
National Institutes of Health, and MedImmune of Gaithersburg, MD, will
produce and test multiple vaccines against potential pandemic flu
strains, including the H5N1 avian influenza virus.
"The threat of pandemic flu is an urgent health challenge," Secretary
Leavitt said. "This agreement will help speed the process of developing
vaccines we will need to fight an outbreak if the avian flu starts to
spread rapidly through the human population."
Kanta Subbarao, MD, MPH, and Brian Murphy, MD, of NIAID's Laboratory of
Infectious Diseases will lead NIAID's part in this collaboration. The
agreement specifies that the scientists will add selected genes from
avian flu viruses with pandemic potential into a weakened human flu
virus to create several attenuated, live virus vaccine candidates.
"Our agreement with MedImmune coordinates public and private resources
and brings a deeper pool of talent to bear on the urgent need for
vaccines to combat the threat of an influenza pandemic," said NIAID
director Anthony S. Fauci, MD. "It is an example of the many productive
public-private partnerships upon which we depend in our quest to develop
vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics for myriad infectious disease threats.
. . ."
************************
To access the complete press release, go to:
http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2005pres/20050928.html
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October 3, 2005
NEW: ECBT LAUNCHES A VACCINE SAFETY WEB SECTION
[The following is cross posted with thanks from the bi-monthly
newsletter of Every Child By Two, September 2005.]
***********************
ECBT UNVEILS NEW VACCINE SAFETY SECTION ON ITS WEBSITE
Every Child By Two [ECBT] is pleased to unveil a new section to our
website focused solely on vaccine safety. This section provides our
audience a complete list of scientific studies, information about the
IOM [Institute of Medicine] studies on vaccine safety, summaries of
media coverage, and a list of credible organizations and recommended
vaccine safety resources. We hope that this information will help to
inform parents and others interested in the safety of vaccines. To visit
this section of the ECBT website, please go to
http://64.14.120.34/ecbt/vaccinesafety.htm or go to the ECBT website
main page at http://www.ecbt.org and
click on the vaccine safety link.
***********************
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version of the September 2005
newsletter, go to:
http://www.ecbt.org/0905TextOnly.pdf
To access a web-text (HTML) version of it, go to:
http://www.ecbt.org/new0905.html
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October 3, 2005
VIS TRANSLATIONS: INTERIM INFLUENZA VACCINE VISs NOW AVAILABLE IN
HAITIAN CREOLE, PORTUGUESE, AND TURKISH
The interim VISs for the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV)
and the live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine (LAIV) are now
available on the IAC website in Haitian Creole and Portuguese. In
addition, the VIS for TIV is also available in Turkish. IAC gratefully
acknowledges the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for the
Haitian Creole and Portuguese translations and Mustafa Kozanoglu, MD,
and Murat Serbest, MD, for the Turkish translation.
INTERIM VISs FOR TIV (dated 7/18/05)
To obtain a ready-to-copy (PDF) version of the interim VIS for TIV in
Haitian Creole, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/ha_flu05.pdf
To obtain it in Portuguese, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/pr_flu05.pdf
To obtain it in Turkish, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/tu_flu05.pdf
To obtain it in English, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/2flu.pdf
INTERIM VISs FOR LAIV (dated 7/18/05)
To obtain a ready-to-copy (PDF) version of the interim VIS for LAIV in
Haitian Creole, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/haliveflu05.pdf
To obtain it in Portuguese, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/prliveflu05.pdf
To obtain it in English, go to:
http://www.immunize.org/vis/liveflu.pdf
For information about the use of VISs, and for VISs in a total of 33
languages, visit IAC's VIS web section at
http://www.immunize.org/vis
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October 3, 2005
REMINDER: TWO-DAY COURSE "EPIDEMIOLOGY & PREVENTION OF VPDs" TO BE HELD
AT TWO CALIFORNIA SITES IN NOVEMBER
NIP's popular two-day course "Epidemiology and Prevention of
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases" is scheduled for two California sites in
November. The course will be given November 14-15 in Sacramento and
November 17-18 in Torrance.
For information or to register, contact Myan Nguyen by phone at (510)
620-3737 or by email at
mnguyen2@dhs.ca.gov
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October 3, 2005
CDC REPORTS ON WHO'S LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE FOR WILD AND
VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES DURING 2004-05
CDC published "Laboratory Surveillance for Wild and Vaccine-Derived
Polioviruses, January 2004-June 2005" in the September 30 issue of MMWR.
A summary made available to the press is reprinted below in its
entirety.
***********************
Results of virologic testing of stool specimens taken from patients with
acute flaccid paralysis provide the most important evidence to monitor
the progress of the polio eradication initiative. This report describes
the findings of surveillance for wild polioviruses and vaccine-derived
polioviruses (VDPVs) by the WHO Global Polio Laboratory Network from
January 2004 to June 2005. The network tested 134,855 samples in this
period, a 37 percent increase from the preceding 18 months. The network
operates at a very high level of routine proficiency, and has documented
the presence of wild poliovirus in 22 countries (14 wild type 1 only; 8
with types 1 and 3; none with type 2). Genetic sequence data from
several network laboratories documented the spread of wild type 1
poliovirus from Nigeria as far east as Indonesia. The Global Polio
Laboratory Network has been key to monitoring progress towards achieving
polio eradication.
***********************
To access a web-text (HTML) version of the complete article, go to:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a5.htm
To access a ready-to-print (PDF) version of this issue of MMWR, go to:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5438.pdf
To receive a FREE electronic subscription to MMWR (which includes new
ACIP statements), go to:
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrsubscribe.html |
